Spiking Kinematics in Volleyball Players With Shoulder Pain

Context Spiking is one of the most frequently used scoring techniques in volleyball games, and around 80% of shoulder pain in volleyball players is linked with the spiking movement. Objective To investigate the differences in glenohumeral joint, scapular, and trunk movements during the spiking motion between volleyball players with and those without shoulder pain. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Twenty amateur volleyball players with shoulder pain (age = 21.8 ± 1.79 years, with an average of 4.0 ± 0.92 years of volleyball experience and 6.0 ± 3.51 months of shoulder pain) and 20 sex-, age-, and experience-matched control participants. Main Outcome Measure(s) The 3-dimensional kinematics of the shoulder joint, scapula, and trunk during spiking were assessed using an electromagnetic tracking system. Results Compared with the control group, individuals with shoulder pain demonstrated less scapular posterior tilt (P = .041) and more glenohumeral hori...