Efficiency and Stability Investigations of Large Area Organic Photovoltaic Modules

Large area organic photovoltaic modules have been fabricated with 232.8 cm 2 of total area with 108 cm 2 of photoactive area. Efficiencies up to 2.3% by active area (1.1% by total area) demonstrate operation of a multicell module with configurable voltage and current output. NREL certification is reported and is an example of the largest OPV module certified by NREL, as well as the only polymer:fullerene-based module tested. Module lifetime data were collected and with ca. 550 h of light-soaking, > 2000h of lifetime is expected based on extrapolation. The conditions of the test were 100% duty cycle, ~ 1 Sun Xe-arc lamp, KG5-Si reference, ~25 °C controlled temperature. The lifetime data were normalized with respect to the variations and fade of the Xe-arc lamp source.