Церебральные венозные нарушения: диагностика, клинические особенности

Most reports on vascular pathology of the brain have been devoted to arterial blood flow, while morphometric studies of the brain have demonstrated that approximately 85% of the vascular bed of the brain accounts for venous vessels, 10% accounts for the arteries, and about 5% accounts for capillaries. Nevertheless, only a few studies regarding venous pathology of the brain have been published. Many authors admit that the arterial and venous segments of the vascular bed represent a complex interdependent system, where the venous segment is considered to be a highly organized reflexogenic zone responsible for the development of complex, physiologically important, compensatory reactions that provide the constancy of cerebral blood flow. Venous circulation disorders, cerebral venous dyscirculations (CVDs), as well as thromboses of the intracranial veins and sinuses, comprise a significant part of vascular lesions of the brain. The etiologic and pathogenetic aspects of CVD, as well as of thromboses of the intracranial veins and sinuses, have been analyzed. The issues of diagnosis and management of patients with cerebral venous disorders have been considered. Clinical manifestations and characteristics of progression of this pathology have been presented. Cerebral venous thromboses and CVP are often severe, but potentially treatable diseases. Knowledge of the main clinical symptom complexes makes it possible to timely diagnose this pathology and perform effective differentiated pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy in these patients.