Between Research and Society. Recommendations for optimal science communication

Science has become an integral part of society. The wide-scale application of scientific knowledge and its role in politics and policy make it necessary for everyone to be aware of scientific results and to be able to arrive at a well-founded opinion regarding the impact of science on personal life and on society as a whole. Communication regarding science is therefore very important. But it is no simple matter: scientific knowledge is often complex, it is never 'finished', and it is often the subject of internal debate. All of these elements are inherent to the scientific process, and contribute to achieving quality. In order to properly assess the various arguments, however, it is necessary to have some idea of the methods that have led to certain results. It is precisely that knowledge that is often lacking. Scientists, science administrators, the media, and communication departments – but also teachers in primary/secondary education – all play a role in science communication. In this advisory report, The Young Academy sets out how these various parties can optimise their contribution to such communication. One important point for all concerned is that greater attention needs to be paid to the scientific process rather than – as is currently the case – merely focusing on the results of research. Besides ensuring greater understanding among the general public, such an approach would also help in assessing the value of scientific knowledge in the context of political decision making. Where science policy is concerned, greater awareness of the scientific process could lead to such policy being better in tune with the practice of scientific research. In the education sector, acquaintance with scientific thinking and practice can encourage young people to adopt a critical and investigative attitude, and can also help them gain a more realistic idea of science as a profession.