ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ ВІБРАЦІЇ В МАШИННИХ ВІДДІЛЕННЯХ ТЕПЛОХОДІВ

Shipbuilding in the world is an industry that is developing quite dynamically with high capitalization. It should be noted that this is not only a valuable production, but also knowledge-intensive. During the construction of ships using the latest scientific methods in the field of materials science, navigation, power plants. It is known that vibration and shock accompany the work of many machines and mechanisms, reducing their reliability and durability, and also adversely affect human health. A particularly serious situation in the field of vibration protection has developed on watercraft. The development of modern ship power plants is associated, on the one hand, with an increase in the power of mechanisms, which in many cases are sources of intense noise and vibration, and on the other hand, with the significant use of precision instruments and apparatuses for various purposes, sensitive to vibration. Thus, vibration protection is of considerable interest both to shipbuilders and to specialists in marine power plants, since vibration of the ship's hull and its individual elements can cause fatigue cracks in the ship's hull, disrupt the normal operation of ship equipment and various measuring instruments installed on board the vessel, create negative conditions for the stay of passengers and crew on board for a relatively long time. Currently, the issue of vibration reduction occupies a certain place in the science and practice of shipbuilding. All vessels are tested for vibration and noise activity. Attention is paid to systems for reducing the activity of vibration and noise sources. In addition, the design methods provide for a significant reduction in vibration already at the stage of the specification due to the special location of the premises relative to the sources of vibration and noise, a rational choice of the housing design, the thickness of the sheathing sheets and the like. Of considerable scientific interest are methods for calculating vibrational forces and moments for the development of reasonable recommendations for changes in the design of ships to obtain acceptable indicators. Another important task is the development of criteria for assessing the vibration protection of ships, which can be used both in shipbuilding and in the implementation of measures to modernize the existing fleet. Constructive improvement of elastic systems, which leads to a decrease in the vibration load of the hull, is a rather important scientific area, the development of which corresponds to the development of modern ideas about shipbuilding. Designing elastic systems for marine power plants is a rather laborious task and requires a certain degree of automation of calculations. When designing transport vessels with main low-speed diesel engines, one should take into account such features as their imbalance and layout, as well as interaction with hull structures.