High electrochemical stability of octahedral LiMn2O4 cathode material in aqueous and organic lithium-ion batteries

Abstract In this work, octahedral LiMn2O4 (O-LMO) with exposed {111} crystal facets was prepared using MnCO3 as a precursor via solid phase reactions. O-LMO was revealed to have the superior rate performance and good cycling stability in both a three-electrode system and full aqueous batteries with Li2SO4 solution.The capacity retentions of 87% for 200 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 and 87% for 500 cycles at 1 A g-1 were achieved, in sharp contrast with 56% and 70% for the commercial LMO (C-LMO). Also, O-LMO showed the excellent performance in organic systems as well. The superior performance for both aqueous and organic systems may be related to the maintaining of octahedral structures and surface morphologies for O-LMO cycled 200 times at 0.1 A g-1 in aqueous system and the suppression of Mn dissolution and side reactions in both aqueous and organic systems, which originates from the stable {111} facets.