Nonadiabtic robust pulses for creating superposition states in a resonant three-level system

We proposed new light pulses to create a quantum coherent superposition state by using the invariant-based inverse engineering in a resonant three-level system, where physical imperfections such as the frequency detuning and variations in Rabi frequencies were concerned. Simulation results show that the fidelity of creating a superposition state of more than 98% can be achieved over a frequency detuning of ±18 MHz in 4 μs. The pulses are robust against the spatial inhomogeneity or instantaneous fluctuations in laser intensity. Comparisons of our pulses with other pulses show that our pulses are much more robust in terms of both the frequency detuning and laser intensity variations. Such features make our pulses an effective alternative as the spectral hole-burning pulses to reduce the number of repetitions of pulses, and can also be applied to initialize the multiple qubits where the driving frequency varies with time or position in superconducting transmon qubit systems.