Aspectos da fisiopatologia da doença de Alzheimer esporádica.

A doenca de Alzheimer (DA) e a forma de demencia degenerativa esporadica mais comum. Caracteristicamente ocorre expressiva perda neuronal progressiva em locais especificos nas pessoas atingidas. O disturbio degenerativo progressivo se caracteriza pela perda de sinapses, de neuronios cerebrais e por depositos de fibrilas de peptideos de beta-amiloide extraneuronais, constituindo as placas senis e a presenca de agregados intraneuronais da proteina tau, formando os emaranhados neurofibrilares. Fatores geneticos, metabolicos, neuroinflamacao, alteracoes mitocondriais, disturbios vasculares e processos oxidativos estao envolvidos no desencadear e manutencao de varias doencas neurodegenerativas, incluindo a DA. Todas essas alteracoes participam no processo fisiopatologico da doenca. O objetivo desta revisao e mostrar a associacao das varias causas subjacentes ao processo fisiopatologico da DA, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de marcadores biologicos e estrategias terapeuticas. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of sporadic degenerative dementia. Characteristically there is an expressive neuronal loss in specific sites in the affected persons. The progressive degenerative disorder is characterized by synaptic loss, of brain neurons, and by extraneuronal deposition of beta-amyloid fibrils, constituting the senile plaques, and the presence of intraneuronal aggregates of tau protein, forming the neurofibrillary tangles. Genetic factors, metabolic, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial disturbances, vascular disorders and oxidative processes are involved in the onset and maintenance of several neurodegenerative disorders, including AD. All these disturbances participate in the pathophysiological process of the disease. The aim of this review is to show the association of the varied causes underlying the pathophysiological process of AD, having in view the development of biological markers and therapeutic strategies.