Adaptación y origen de los pobladores del extremo Sur americano: síntesis de antecedentes

America has been the last continent to be populated by man. In the extreme south and until its extinction, there were three ethnic groups, adapted to an adverse environment, being the fire essential for their survival. Isolated during the last 10.000 years, they were descendants of the first settlers of the extreme South American. Ethnographers, scientific expeditions and eyewitness accounts left us with somatic, ethnographic and photographic documentation, which now allows us to reconstruct the origin of those prehistoric populations. The scientific research carried out in the last 30 years has given way to a different scientific vision. They have revealed that the first settlers of Tierra del Fuego do not come from an Australoid, or ancestral, group different from the Amerindians, nor do they have different bone adaptations, except those produced by the isolation for 10.000 years (founder effect), the genes-environment interaction and phenotypic plasticity.