Epizootic process of demodicosis and sarcoptosis of pet dogs in the metropolis
2021
Scabies mites, in particular Sarcoptes scabei and Demodex
canis, remain undesirable but permanent members of
zoocenoses in metropolis around the world. This is due to
the contacts of domestic animals with wild relatives (foxes,
raccoon dogs, coyotes), which are massively infected with
various types of ticks. The purpose of our research was to
find out the epizootic situation with demodicosis and sarcoptic
mange of domestic dogs in Kyiv, as well as to establish the
sources of their infection. The actual results were obtained
on the basis of the "Veterinary Clinic of Doctor Medvedev"
(Kyiv) according to the data of routine work with patients
for 2009-2020. Diagnostic procedures consisted of clinical
and dermatological examination of dogs, examination of skin
scrapings, trichoscopy, "Scotch tape" test, a Wood's lamp
examination and others. Over 11 years, 1473 dermatological
examinations of domestic dogs were carried out. Of these,
230 dogs (15.6%) suffered from demodicosis at the age of 5
months to 7 years. Sarcoptic mange was much less common:
a total of 59 sick dogs (4.0%) were identified. Both of acaroses
were seasonal, with an increase in the incidence in fall
and winter. Regarding the breed factor: Pugs (10.43%), Staffordshire
Terriers (10.0%) and French Bulldogs (9.56%) were
more prone to demodicosis; to sarcoptic mange – German
wirehaired pointer (13.6%), German hunt terrier (11.9%) and
Shorthaired pointer (10.2%). The stray dogs and cats were
source most often of infection of domestic decorative dogs
with mites Sarcoptes scabei var canis. Hunting dogs mainly
became infected during the hunting season during contact
with animals of the wild fauna, most often – foxes. Clinical
manifestations of acaroses occurred mainly in young animals
not older than 3 years (70.5 and 76.7% for demodicosis and
sarcoptic mange, respectively). In addition, in male dogs sarcoptic
mange is more often recorded (59.3%), in female dogs
– demodicosis (53.9%).
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