Electrical and optical simulations of a polymer‐based phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode with high efficiency

A comprehensive numerical device simulation of the electrical and optical characteristics accompanied with experi- mental measurements of a new highly efficient system for poly- mer-based light-emitting diodes doped with phosphorescent dyes is presented. The system under investigation comprises an electron transporter attached to a polymer backbone blended with an electronically inert small molecule and an iridium-based green phosphorescent dye which serves as both emitter and hole transporter. The device simulation combines an electrical and an optical model. Based on the known highest occupied mo- lecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of all components as well as the measured electri- cal and optical characteristics of the devices, we model the emis- sive layer as an effective medium using the dye's HOMO as hole transport level and the polymer LUMO as electron transport level. By fine-tuning the injection barriers at the electron and hole-injecting contact, respectively, in simulated devices, unipolar device characteristics were fitted to the experimental data. Simulations using the so-obtained set of parameters yielded very good agreement to the measured current-voltage, luminance-voltage characteristics, and the emission profile of entire bipolar light-emitting diodes, without additional fitting pa- rameters. The simulation was used to gain insight into the physi- cal processes and the mechanisms governing the efficiency of the organic light-emitting diode, including the position and extent of the recombination zone, carrier concentration profiles, and field distribution inside the device. The simulations show that the device is severely limited by hole injection, and that a reduction of the hole-injection barrier would improve the device efficiency by almost 50%. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 50: 1567-1576, 2012