Geo-Routing with angle-based decision in delay-tolerant networks

Delay-tolerant networks consist of mobile nodes that communicate in unscheduled opportunity without network infrastructure support. When mobile nodes move in highly dynamic networks, they suffer from many challenging issues such as broken network topology and transient connectivity among nodes. In this paper, we propose a geo-routing scheme with an angle-based decision policy (GRAD) for message delivery in delay-tolerant networks. This scheme can select relay nodes in geographic proximity to perform message delivery towards a destination. After a definite number of relays, the message can be destined to a destination. Simulation results show that GRAD can attain a higher rate of successful message delivery and lower communication cost as compared with a classical Spray and Wait scheme under area-confined random waypoint and SLAW mobility patterns in delay-tolerant networks.