Occurrence of PFOA and PFOS in the Aquatic Environments and Their Ecological Toxicities in the Aquatic Environments

Based on current researches,described the sources,toxicities,analytical methods and occurrence of PFOA and PFOS in wastewater treatment plants,lakes,rivers,coastal areas and tap waters in different countries in the world.According to the limited concentrations of PFOA+PFOS in effluents of wastewater treatment plants(WTPs) put forward by Germany,the concentrations of PFOA+PFOS in WTP effluents in Singapore,Germany,Korea and England were assessed.The results showed that the concentrations of PFOA+PFOS in WTP effluents in Singapore were higher than the liminted concentration of 300 μg/L.Researches done by China,Japan,USA,and other countries showed that the concentrations of POFA and PFOS in rivers and coastal areas reached to ng/L,and the concentrations in Tennessee River,USA were the highest,reached to 100 ng/L.The risk assessments of PFOA and PFOS in tap water in some cities in China were assessed according to the risk quotients(RQ).The assessment results showed that tap waters from 19 cities in China were all below the risk level.