A proposed index to assess quality of waters from desalination plants

ABSTRACT Reverse osmosis is the technology commonly used to produce fresh water from brackish groundwater. Due to the reject brine generated in desalination plants by reverse osmosis, vulnerability assessment to define critical areas to monitor waters from desalination has been an important tool for delineating the monitoring networks required for surveillance of potential salinization sites. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of waters sampled in desalination plants by a quality index, which provides a relative assessment of water vulnerability to potential salinization. The present study proposes an index to assess the quality of waters from desalination plants initially using the chemical parameters electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio, and the ions sodium, chloride and bicarbonate. The index to assess quality of waters from desalination plants showed good performance and can include additional parameters referring to the soil and crop exploited. High values of the relative index of quality of waters from desalination plants are considered as possible indicators of risk of soil salinization and groundwater contamination. The highest level of land use impact on the quality of waters from desalination plants was found in reject brine samples followed by well water samples.