Composición iónica y comparación de índices de salinidad de suelo agrícola de Texcoco, México

Introduction: the salinity of Lake Texcoco is due to the fact that it was an endorheic basin, it had no way of washing the salts. The causes of salinization of agricultural soils in these plots are: poor irrigation management, use of low quality water for irrigation and excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The objective of this work was to analyze the ionic composition and compare the sodium adsorption ratio – explicit and adjusted exchangeable sodium percentage of an agricultural plot. Method: soil sampling was done to determine the parameters of: pH, electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate, according to NOM-021-RECNAT-2000. In addition to interpolation maps and contour lines. Results and discussion: according to the results obtained from the laboratory, the plot is made of saline – sodium soil. A significant difference was found between the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and the adjusted sodium adsorption ratio, the latter being the highest. The interpolated images and contour lines give an artificial view of the sodium adsorption ratio and the percent exchangeable sodium (ESP). Conclusion: in general, the plot presents high values ​​of SAR and ESP. So, in almost the entire plot there is a risk of sodicity. There are significant differences between SAR and adjusted SAR, but there is no significant difference between ESP and ESP calculated with adjusted SAR. The SAR-EC classification in most cases present soils of very high salinity and medium sodicity (C4-S2).