Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System Therapy with Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Enhanced Clearance of Piperacillin in a Pediatric Patient and Led to Failure to Attain Pharmacodynamic Targets.

Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS), an extracorporeal support device used in patients with liver failure, specifically removes albumin-bound molecules, including antibiotics. Case reports in adult patients showed that MARS enhances the clearance of piperacillin. However, for those patients, pharmacodynamic targets were achieved when piperacillin/tazobactam was administered as extended infusions over 3-4 hours. In contrast, piperacillin/tazobactam is typically given as short intermittent infusions in children. No reports describe the effect of MARS on piperacillin pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamic target attainment in pediatric patients with liver failure. This case report describes the effects of MARS on piperacillin clearance and target attainment in a child with liver failure. It was noted that MARS, in conjunction with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), enhanced the clearance of piperacillin, when compared to CRRT alone (6.4-7.4 L/hr vs. 3.0 L/hr). Pharmacodynamic targets were not attained during MARS/CRRT cycles with free piperacillin concentrations being above 64 µg/mL for less than 50% of dosing intervals, the goal target. We performed simulation analysis to identify a dosing regimen to optimize target attainment. For this patient, doses three times what she received over 3-hour extended infusions and an additional dose within 5 hours of cycle initiation, would have led to target attainment throughout MARS/CRRT cycles.