Análisis de factores psicológicos en pacientes con asma grave: estudio PSICOASMA

espanolObjetivos: estudiar factores psicologicos en pacientes con asma grave y evaluar su relacion con el control del asma. Metodologia: estudio prospectivo con inclusion de pacientes, diagnosticados de asma bronquial grave, revisados en consultas monograficas, participantes en el estudio de intervencion psicologica (PSICOASMA). Se analizaron datos clinicos, cuestionario de control del asma (ACT), espirometria, inflamacion (FENO). Se estudiaron alteraciones psicologicas con el cuestionario de ansiedad rasgo y estado (STAI-R y E), el inventario de depresion de BECK (BDI), cuestionario de Nijmegen. Se considero alterado una puntuacion en percentil >50 en el cuestionario STAI, Sindrome Hiperventilacion si presentaban Nijmegen>23. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 103 asmaticos graves, de edad 51,6 (13,7), mayoritariamente mujeres (79,6%). El 78,6% presentaban mal control del asma (ACT STAI-E (p Conclusiones: encontramos niveles elevados de ansiedad y depresion en pacientes con asma grave. Presentaban disnea funcional casi la mitad de los pacientes. Estas alteraciones psicologicas estan relacionadas con el mal control de la enfermedad. Es importante y necesaria la evaluacion psicologica en pacientes con asma grave. EnglishObjectives: to study the psychological factors in patients with severe asthma and evaluate their relationship with asthma control. Methods: a prospective study including patients diagnosed with severe bronchial asthma who were examined in specialized clinics and who participated in the PSICOASMA psychological intervention study. The clinical data, asthma control test (ACT), spirometry and inflammation (FeNO) were analyzed. Psychological changes were studied using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-r and STAI-e), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Nijmegen Questionnaire. A percentile score of >50 on the STAI was considered altered, and hyperventilation syndrome was determined for Nijmegen >23. Results: 103 primarily female (79.6%) severely asthmatic patients were included with an average age of 51.6 (13.7). 78.6% showed poor asthma control (ACT Conclusions: We found high levels of anxiety and depression in patients with severe asthma. Nearly half of patients showed functional dyspnea. These psychological changes are related to the poor control of the disease. Psychological evaluation is important and necessary in patients with severe asthma.