Immunoaffinity-based mass spectrometric characterization of the FMRFamide-related peptide family in the pericardial organ of Cancer borealis

Abstract The tetrapeptide, FMRFamide, was first discovered in 1977 in the molluscan nervous system and was found to affect the contractile force of molluscan cardiac muscle and other muscles [1] . Since then, numerous FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) have been reported in both invertebrate and vertebrate species [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] . We have previously reported the detection and identification of numerous FaRPs in Cancer borealis pericardial organs (POs), one of the major neurosecretory structures in the crustaceans [2] , [3] . Here, we have developed two immunoaffinity-based methods, immunoprecipitation (IP) and immuno-dot blot screening assay, for the enrichment of FaRPs in C. borealis POs. A combined mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach involving both matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS) and nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS) is used for a more comprehensive characterization of the FaRP family by utilizing high mass accuracy measurement and efficient peptide sequencing. Overall, 17 FMRFamide-related peptides were identified using these two complementary immuno-based approaches. Among them, three novel peptides were reported for the first time in this study.