이주관점의 북한이탈여성 정책지원방안 연구

With inter-Korean peace and cooperation approaching, Seoul’s support policy for North Korean defectors needs reestablishing. The transition away from assimilation has become a necessity. Reviewing the previous literature and government-produced data, interviewing North Korean women defector, and analyzing experts’ opinions, this research provides profound looks on the current situation of North Korean women defector and the proposal for policy improvement. This research has interviewed 21 North Korean women defector who have lived or are living in Seoul. Most of them left North Korea in their 20s but depending on how much time they spent on the third countries, their entrance to Korea varied. The most common difficulties the North Korean defector women faced were livelihoods, preparations for seniority, and making relationships with South Koreans. If they know a fellow North Korean defector whom they can rely on during the social adaption process, the interviewees had less difficulty adjusting to the Korean society. The education level and affiliation in North Korea also affected adjustment to Korean society. When North Korean women defector had no dependent family members and were young by the time they arrived in South Korea, they were more likely to attend post-secondary education to boost their careers and aptitudes. On the contrary, certificates that could be earned in a relatively short amount of time are not as effective as post-secondary education in employment and adapting to society. Another factor that influenced North Korean women defector was what they experienced during their temporary stay in the third countries. Finally, the existence of dependent children made North Korean women defector experience difficulties of being a working mother as well as a single parent. The factors listed above illustrated improvements are needed for current policies for North Korean women defector. First, programs for society adjustments are needed for North Korean women defectors who were living in South Korea for a long time. Second, programs that consider the female life cycle are necessary. Third, based on the stages of migration, different policy needs have to be fulfilled. The policies need to be redesigned based on migration rather than segregation. Also, networks for jobs that transcend local boundaries are required to support the employment of North Korean women defector. Additionally, to increase accessibility, integrated case management service is needed. Finally, improvements to South Koreans" perception of North Korean defectors are obligatory to enhance North Korean defector women’s accommodation to South Korea.