Process Flow Diagram and Principal Embodiments of Conventional Industrial Units

According to the previous chapter, a reactor comprising a fixed catalyst can be imagined as the column or ensemble of tubes, through which the recirculation of a reacting gas is arranged. Since the typical gas velocity in the channels formed by the catalyst particles is relatively high, the flow of liquid should be directed concurrently with the gas phase either downwards or upwards. The reactors, where the first flow pattern is realized, are referred to as Trickle-Bed Reactors (TBRs), the up-flow reactors are referred to as Bubble Column (packed) Reactors (BCRs).