残疾人健康危险行为状况及其相关因素研究 Study on Health Risk Behaviors and Related Factors in People with Disabilities

目的：探讨残疾人健康危险行为状况及其相关因素。方法：采用健康危险行为问卷(RBQ-A)对130名残疾人和185名正常人进行了调查。结果：1)残疾人群体整体健康危险行为水平均高于正常人，在攻击暴力行为、违纪违法行为、自杀自残行为、吸烟酗酒行为上差异显著(p < 0.01)。2)残疾人群体在攻击暴力行为、吸烟酗酒行为和违纪违法行为存在显著的性别差异(p < 0.05)。3)残疾人群体在自杀自残行为、攻击暴力行为、违纪违法行为上存在显著的受教育程度差异(p < 0.05)。4)残疾人群体健康危险行为之间存在显著的正相关(p < 0.01)。5)残疾人群体的健康危险行为与主观社会经济地位存在显著负相关(p < 0.01)。结论：残疾人是健康危险行为的易感人群，其健康危险行为受性别、教育水平和主观社会经济地位影响。残疾人健康危险行为具有丛生性。应根据残疾人以上的特征因素采取有效预防措施，以减少健康危险行为发生。 Objective: To explore the status of health risk behavior and the related factors people with dis-abilities. Methods: A total of 130 disabled persons and 185 normal subjects completed the Health Risk Behavior Rating Scale (RBQ-A). Results: 1) The disabled group performed significant higher scores than the normal group in overall health risk behavior, Aggression & Violence, Rule & Law Breaking, Suicide & Self-Injury and Smoking & Drinking (p < 0.01); 2) The gender differences in the disabled were significant in Aggression & Violence, Smoking & Drinking and Rule & Law Breaking (p < 0.05); 3) There were significant differences among levels of education in Suicide & Self-Injury, Aggression & Violence and Rule & Law Breaking (p < 0.05); 4) There were significant positive correlations between health risk behaviors of the disabled (p < 0.01); 5) the health risk behaviors of the disabled were significantly related with their subjective socio-economic status (p < 0.01). Conclusion: People with disabilities are susceptible to health risk behaviors which are influenced by gender, levels of education and subjective socio-economic status. The health risk behaviors of the disabled are clustered. The interventions on the health risk behaviors of the disabled should be based on these characteristics.