Nicotine exposure beginning in adolescence enhances the acquisition of methamphetamine self-administration, but not methamphetamine-primed reinstatement in male rats

Abstract Background Nicotine is commonly abused in adolescence and is believed to be a “gateway” to other drugs of abuse [e.g., methamphetamine (METH)]. The relationship between early nicotine exposure and later METH use is complicated because the majority of juvenile smokers continue to use cigarettes into adulthood. Thus, the present investigation examined the individual and combined contribution of adolescent and adult nicotine exposure on METH self-administration. Methods Forty-three male rats were pretreated with saline or nicotine (0.16 or 0.64 mg/kg, SC) from postnatal day (PD) 35–50. On PD 51, subjects were split into the following groups: SAL–SAL, 0.16–0.16, 0.16–SAL, 0.64–0.64, and 0.64–SAL. Rats were then trained to lever press for METH (0.05 mg/kg) for seven days on an FR1 and seven days on an FR3 reinforcement schedule. After acquisition training, rats underwent 14 days of extinction and were then tested for METH-induced primed reinstatement (1.0 mg/kg, IP). Results Data showed that rats receiving continuous injections of the low dose of nicotine (0.16–0.16) obtained more METH infusions versus the control group (SAL–SAL) on an FR1 and FR3 schedule. In addition, rats on the FR3 schedule that received a low dose of nicotine during the adolescent period only (0.16–SAL) had more METH intake than the control group (SAL–SAL). Interestingly, the high dose of nicotine exposure had no effect on METH intake and neither nicotine dose altered METH seeking behavior. Conclusions Low dose exposure to nicotine during adolescence enhances the reinforcing effects of METH, while heavier exposure has no effect on METH intake.