Olfactory identification as a potential marker of presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease

into three groups: dementia, cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND), and those without cognitive impairment (WCI). One year later 199 participants without dementia agreed to be reevaluated according to the same protocol. Results: Multiple regression analysis in the reevaluation sample disclosed no associations between baseline laboratory data and worsening performance in any cognitive tests or functional measurement. In the CIND group, cortisol levels correlated with MMSE (rho1⁄4 -0,33; p1⁄40,015) and Functional Assessment Questionnaire decline (rho1⁄4-0,30 ; p1⁄40,038). sTNFR1 levels correlated with worsening category fluency test performance (rho1⁄40,31 ; p1⁄40,029). Conclusions: Even though the magnitude of the associations was generally weak, in the CIND group we did found significant relationships between cortisol and sTNFR1 levels, and prospective cognitive and functional outcomes, which might encourage further research in the field.