18F-FDG and Other Labeled Glucose Derivatives for Use in Radionuclide Diagnosis of Oncological Diseases (Review)

This review addresses progress in the radionuclide diagnosis of oncological diseases using radiopharmaceutical preparations (RPP) based on labeled glucose derivatives. Most attention is paid to 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG), a glucose analog labeled with fluorine-18 (T 1/2 = 110 min) and the only radiotracer for glycolysis, which is used in 90% of clinical studies using positron emission tomography (PET). We describe approaches to the synthesis of 18F-FDG and state-of-the-art automated technologies allowing tens of clinical doses of RPP for PET investigations of patients to be prepared. The main areas of use of PET with 18F-FDG in the diagnosis of various tumors are discussed, as is the potential for using glucose derivatives with other radionuclides (68Ga, 123I, 99mTc, 188Re) as tracers for use in PET and SPECT diagnosis.