ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS REGARDING DIFFERENT MEANS AND MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

The aim was to study and calculate energy consumption and pollutant emissions per passenger kilometer or load ton kilometer, so called equivalent values for the Swedish transport sector. The study, which includes transport by road, railway, at sea and by air, concerns both the present (1993) and some future years. Car stands out as the most energy consuming transport means for passenger transport, particulary in the short distance case. Railbound short-distance passenger transport exhibits lower equivalent values than bus, regarding energy consumption as well as pollutant emissions, while bus and railway energy equivalents in the long-distance case are essentially equal. As to goods transport the lowest load specific energy consumption is attained at sea, while goods transport by rail has the lowest equivalent pollutant emissions. (A)