Mathematical modeling of postcoinfection with influenza A virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae , with implications for pneumonia and COPD-risk assessment

Background The interaction between influenza and pneumococcus is important for understanding how coinfection may exacerbate pneumonia. Secondary pneumococcal pneumonia associated with influenza infection is more likely to increase respiratory morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess exacerbated inflammatory effects posed by secondary pneumococcal pneumonia, given prior influenza infection.