New Frontiers for Terrestrial-sized to Neptune-sized Exoplanets In the Era of Extremely Large Telescopes

Detecting and characterizing terrestrial- to Neptune-sized planets (1 < R < 4 REarth) around nearby stars holds the key to understanding the diversity of exoplanets and will ultimately address the ubiquitousness of life in the universe. Here we provide an overview of the challenge and promise of success.