一种新型铝空气电池用铝合金阳极材料的研究 Study on a New Kind of Al Alloy Anode Material for Aluminum-Air Battery

采用正交试验法设计出一种铝–空气电池用新型多元铝合金阳极材料，研究了几种添加元素对铝合金阳极材料在4 mol/L NaOH + 15 g/L Na2SnO3溶液中的析氢速率和电化学性能的影响，得出综合性能最佳的铝合金阳极材料成分配比。实验采用排水取气法来测定材料的析氢速率，利用LK3200电化学工作站测试了不同合金化元素Sn、Pb、Ga对铝合金阳极试样电极电位的影响。结果表明：在50˚C的条件下，影响铝合金阳极材料析氢速率的顺序为：Pb > Sn > Ga；同时，在50˚C，电流密度为200 mA/cm2的条件下，影响材料稳定电位的顺序为：Sn > Pb > Ga。综合考虑铝合金阳极材料的析氢速率和稳定电位并验证后得出：最优组合是 Al-0.2Sn-0.02Ga-0.4Pb。 A new kind of Al alloy anode material for aluminum-air battery was developed by orthogonal design, and the effect of additive elements on hydrogen evolution rate and electrochemical properties in 4 mol/L NaOH + 15 g/L Na2SnO3 solution was studied. Then the best performance ratios of aluminum alloy anode material composition can be finally got. The self-corrosion rate of Al alloy anode was studied by methods of recovering H2 gas and discharging water and the electrochemical properties were tested by LK3200 electrochemical workstation. The results show that the greatest impact on the hydrogen evolution rate of aluminum alloy anode material at 50˚C is Pb, followed by Sn, Ga; at the same time, the greatest impact on the stable potential at 50˚C and 200 mA/cm2 is Sn, followed by Pb, Ga. After con-sidering and verifying the stable potential and hydrogen evolution rate of aluminum alloy anode, we can obtain the optimal combination: Al-0.2Sn-0.02Ga-0.4Pb.