THE ROLE OF LACTATE IN THE STIMULATION OF THE OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF FROG MUSCLE BY INSULIN.

1964 
Lactate, citrate, succinate, or acetate added to isolated muscles suspended in Ringer solution in a Warburg flask produced an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption by the muscles. At a given molar concentration of these substances the increase was greatest with lactate and was progressively less with the addenda in the order given. When the concentration of each substance was adjusted so that the rate of oxygen consumption was the same with all of them, the addition of insulin produced an increase in the oxygen uptake which was of the same magnitude in each case. Evidence is presented which suggests that by causing spontaneous activity in the muscle, the acetate, succinate, and citrate may bring about a production of lactate.The extra oxygen consumed upon the addition of lactate could account for the complete oxidation of only a small part of the lactate which actually disappeared in an experiment. By assuming that all of this extra oxygen was used in the complete oxidation of lactate, it was calcula...
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