Complications of Upper Endoscopy and Their Management

Esophagoduodenoscopy (EGD) is one of the most frequently utilized procedures by gastroenterologists. Although upper endoscopy is considered one of the safest gastroenterology procedures, it is still associated with complications (1 in 200–10,000). Major adverse events related to upper endoscopy are rare and include cardiopulmonary adverse events, infection, perforation, and bleeding. As endoscopy assumes a more therapeutic role in the management of GI disorders, the potential for adverse events will increase. It is vital that the endoscopist has knowledge of potential endoscopic adverse events, what their frequency is, and the risk factors for their occurrence. Endoscopists need to select patients for the appropriate intervention and be prepared to manage any adverse events that may arise. Once an adverse event occurs, early recognition and prompt intervention may minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with that adverse event.