EVALUATION OF ANTINOCICEPTIVE, ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Acacia nilotica LEAVES FROM BANGLADESH

The crude ethanolic extract of the leaves of Acacia nilotica (family: Mimosaceae) was evaluated for its possible phytochemical nature (group determination of plant constituent) and selected pharmacological activities (Antinociceptive, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic activity) growing in Bangladesh. Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Acacia nilotica Linn. (A. nilotica) indicated the presence of alkaloid, steroid, reducing sugars, tanin & saponin types of compounds. The ethanolic extract of leaves of A. nilotica on acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. The extract produced about 10.99% (P < 0.01) and 14.29% (P < 0.01) writhing inhibition at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight respectively, which were comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium where the inhibition was about 71.43% (P < 0.001) at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of A. nilotica (500 µg/disc) showed moderate anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae. The extract of leaves of A. nilotica showed significant (p<0.001) toxicity to the brine shrimp nauplii. The concentrations of crude extract for 50% mortality (LC 50 ) and 90% mortality (LC90) were 32μg/mL and 74.29 μg/mL respectively.