Isoliquiritigenin, One of the Antispasmodic Principles of Glycyrrhiza Ularensis Roots, Acts in the Lower Part of Intestine

Glycyrrhizae Radix is used to treat abdominal pain as a component of Shakuyakukanzoto (Shaoyao-Gancao-tang), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation. Previously, we have reported the isolation of glycycoumarin as a potent antispasmodic with an IC 50 value of 2.93 ± 0.94 μM for carbamylcholine (CCh)-induced contraction of mouse jejunum from an aqueous extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix (licorice), and clarified that its mechanism of action involves inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3. The purpose of the present study was to examine an antispasmodic principle of licorice other than glycycoumarin. Isoliquiritigenin was isolated from an aqueous extract of licorice as a potent relaxant, which inhibited the contraction induced by various types of stimulants, such as CCh, KCl, and BaCl 2 with IC 50 values of 4.96 ± 1.97 μM, 4.03 ± 1.34 μM and 3.70 ±0.58 μM, respectively, which are close to those of papaverine. However, the amount of isoliquiritigenin in the aqueous extract of licorice was very small. When the aqueous licorice extract was treated with naringinase, the amounts of glycosides such as isoliquiritin, which were abundant but had much less potent relaxant activity, were decreased while isoliquiritigenin was increased. At the time, the relaxant activity of the treated sample was increased significantly, shifting the IC 50 from 358±104 to 150 ± 38 μg/ml for CCh-induced contraction. Isoliquiritigenin also showed the most potent inhibition of mouse rectal contraction induced by CCh with an IC 50 value of 1.70 ± 0.07 μM. These results suggest that isoliquiritigenin acts as a potent relaxant in the lower part of the intestine by transformation from its glycosides.