Beneficis de la pràctica mental en la pràctica esportiva

espanolLa practica mental (PM) es un medio que, si bien se inicio a desarrollar en 1890, no es hasta hace aproximadamente 22 anos que se ha usado mas en practica deportiva. Para llevar a cabo esta revision se siguieron las cuatro etapas identificadas en la declaracion PRISMA (identificacion, seleccion, elegibilidad, inclusion). Se realizo una busqueda en las bases de datos ERIC, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete y PubMed, utilizando las palabras clave “mental practice and sport”, “kinesthetic practice and sport”, “mental training and sport”, “mental preparation and sport”, “motor imagery and sport”, “visual practice and sport”, y estas mismas palabras clave en espanol. Con estas busquedas se obtuvo un total de 11 390 articulos, de los cuales se incluyeron 59 estudios. Los criterios de exclusion fueron: poblaciones con diagnostico de esquizofrenia, demencia o algun tipo de cancer, no incluir la PM como variable independiente y combinar la PM con algun tipo de incentivo. La evidencia situa a la PM como una buena herramienta para la mejora de la ansiedad precompetitiva, autoconfianza, concentracion y motivacion, sirve tambien para la rehabilitacion deportiva, el desarrollo de la fuerza y una combinacion de la PM con el movimiento real alcanza resultados mas positivos EnglishMental practice (MP) is a form of exercise which has been in existence since 1890, but has only become widespread in sport in the last 22 years. To carry out this review, the four stages identified in the PRISMA statement (identification, selection, eligibility, inclusion) were followed. A search was performed on the databases ERIC, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete and PubMed using the keywords “mental practice and sport”, “kinaesthetic practice and sport”, “mental training and sport”, “mental preparation and sport”, “motor imagery and sport” and “visual practice and sport”, and same keywords in Spanish language. With these searches, a total of 11 390 articles were obtained, which included 59 studies. The exclusion criteria were populations with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, dementia or some type of cancer; not including MP as an independent variable; and combining MP with some kind of incentive. The results found that MP is a good tool for improving pre-competitive anxiety, self-confidence, concentration and motivation. It can also be used for sports rehabilitation and strength development, and a combination of MP and real movements to attain more positive results.