Role of hemoglobin in hemoglobin-based remediation of the crude oil-contaminated soil

Abstract This study investigated the changes in the indigenous microbial community structure with hemoglobin (Hb) application to determine the role of Hb in Hb-based remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil. The phylogenetic diversity of the bacterial community showed that the Hb addition selected surfactants-producing species, thereby, promoting TPH degradation. The significant increase in the CO 2 generation, which can be related to the increase in the bacterial abundance inferred from the 16S rRNA gene copy number, supports the enhanced TPH degradation with Hb application. The similar residual TPH concentrations in the presence of only hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and both Hb and H 2 O 2 suggested that the role of Hb as a catalyst was not as significant as the role of Hb as a nutrient. Also, in the presence of H 2 O 2 , a greater recovery of the microbial community structure was observed with the double Hb injection than the single Hb injection. Overall, this study shows that the Hb-based remediation strategies via microbial metabolism can be successfully applied to remediate the crude-oil contaminated Kuwaiti soil.