O suicídio na história do pensamento ocidental da antiguidade à psicanálise

The article analyzes some of the main theoretical approaches to the phenomenon of suicide in the history of Western thought, from Socrates to the psychoanalysis of Freud and Lacan, understanding them as representative examples of four different ways of considering self-extermination, based, in turn, on four specific ways of looking at the individual: 1. The “happy death” of antiquity; 2. The theological-Christian criminalization of the Middle Ages; 3. The rational autonomy of the subject and the maximization of individual freedom in Modernity and, finally, 4. The discovery of the unconscious by psychoanalysis, which desconstructs the idea of the rational subject, giving a new and radical interpretation to suicide