From Nonprofit Diversity to Multifunctional Stakeholder Management. A Systems-Theoretical Proposal

This paper argues that non-profit and for-profit organizations are coequal variants of the general concept of multifunctional organization. A more multifunctional view of an NPO’s or for-profit organization’s environment that does not systematically neglect religious, educational, health-related, scientific, and other stakeholders would therefore be desirable. Another major implication would be a broader, functionally differentiated approach to ethical issues in the context of both NPO and for-profit management.