Introduction: The Changed Epidemiology of CSF Shunt Complications, Failures Versus Complications

Advances in endoscopic technology have led to a new era in the management of hydrocephalus. Currently, neuroendoscopy is used for creating alternative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation pathways, restoring normal CSF flow, reducing CSF production, and creating intercompartmental connections in complex multiloculated hydrocephalus. Many complications have been described in relation to the application of procedures, and minimizing these complications requires a good knowledge of the intervention-related anatomy as well as the use of appropriate neuroradiological imaging techniques in every subject.