Biological Evaluation of Hot-Melt Extruded Nano-selenium and the Role of Selenium on the Expression Profiles of Selenium-Dependent Antioxidant Enzymes in Chickens

A study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary selenium (Se) concentration and source for broiler chickens on performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma Se, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). A total of 700 1-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to 7 diets with 20 birds per cage and 5 replicates per treatment. The experimental diets were fed for 32 days in 2 phases (phase 1, day 0 to 14 and phase 2, day 15 to 32). Treatments were as follows: control (without Se supplementation), sodium selenite (SeS; 0.15, 0.30, or 0.45 ppm), and hot-melt extruded sodium selenite (SeHME; 0.15, 0.30, or 0.45 ppm). There were significant linear responses (P < 0.01) for higher plasma Se concentration in SeS and SeHME treatments. Moreover, an increased (P < 0.01) Se concentration of plasma occurred in SeHME treatment compared with that in SeS treatment. The serum GPx analyses revealed that supplemental SeS and SeHME increased significantly the activity of GPx in the plasma in phase 1 (P < 0.05) and phase 2 (P < 0.05). There were significant linear (P < 0.01) responses of SeS and SeHME treatments for the expression of SelW, GPx1, GPx3, and GPx4 in the livers and spleens. In addition, SeHME showed an upregulated expression of GPx-4 in the livers (P < 0.01) and SelW in the spleens (P < 0.05) compared with SeS treatment. SeHME showed a lower TBARS on day 9. Moreover, a decreased (P < 0.01) TBARS occurred in SeS treatment compared with that in control treatment. In conclusion, SeHME can increase antioxidant activity and Se absorption, consequently being a more suitable source of Se than regular sodium selenite.