Penetrating abdominal injuries due to firearms in combat zone – Single center experience

Background: Abdominal trauma is a frequent indication for surgical exploration of the combat causality. Rapid transportation to trauma center, early recognition of injuries, sound surgical judgment, and timely intervention are critical for reducing mortality and morbidity. Patients and Methods: All penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT) cases admitted to a combat zone hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were studied. Results: Forty-eight patients with PAT were evaluated and managed. Majority (66.7%) were secondary to gunshot injuries. Forty-one required operative management. Out of these, 6 (12.5%) underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and 35 (72.9%) required laparotomy. The small intestine was the most commonly injured organ which was encountered in 21 (43.7%) cases. Two (4.2%) patients succumbed to their injuries. Early resuscitation in combat zone followed by prompt evacuation to the combat hospital improved the overall outcome. Conclusion: PAT is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in combat areas. Rapid transportation, sound clinical judgment, and early surgical intervention are critical for patient survival and better outcomes.