Behavioral Abnormality along with NMDAR-related CREB Suppression in Rat Hippocampus after Shortwave Exposure

Abstract Objective To estimate the detrimental effects of shortwave exposure on rat hippocampal structure and function and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods One hundred Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (25 rats per group) and exposed to 27 MHz continuous shortwave at a power density of 5, 10, or 30 mW/cm 2 for 6 min once only or underwent sham exposure for the control. The spatial learning and memory, electroencephalogram (EEG), hippocampal structure and Nissl bodies were analysed. Furthermore, the expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B), cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) in hippocampal tissue were analysed on 1, 7, and 14 days after exposure. Results The rats in the 10 and 30 mW/cm 2 groups had poor learning and memory, disrupted EEG oscillations, and injured hippocampal structures, including hippocampal neurons degeneration, mitochondria cavitation and blood capillaries swelling. The Nissl body content was also reduced in the exposure groups. Moreover, the hippocampal tissue in the 30 mW/cm 2 group had increased expressions of NR2A and NR2B and decreased levels of CREB and p-CREB. Conclusion Shortwave exposure (27 MHz, with an average power density of 10 and 30 mW/cm 2 ) impaired rats’ spatial learning and memory and caused a series of dose-dependent pathophysiological changes. Moreover, NMDAR-related CREB pathway suppression might be involved in shortwave-induced structural and functional impairments in the rat hippocampus.