Treatment of POEMS syndrome with lenalidomide and dexamethasone

: We report three cases of POEMS syndrome treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone who presented with peripheral neuropathy. All of them had markedly elevated serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone for severe peripheral neuropathy, which normalized serum VEGF levels and improved peripheral neuropathy. The standard treatment of POEMS syndrome has not been established, but has been effectively treated with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation. Newer agents currently used for plasma cell dyscrasias include bortezomib and immunomodulatory drugs, such as thalidomide and lenalidomide. A randomized controlled trial on thalidomide plus dexamethasone for POEMS syndrome showed reduced serum VEGF levels after therapy; however, the incidence of peripheral neuropathy, a well-known side effect of both thalidomide and bortezomib, increased. Lenalidomide is associated with lower incidence of peripheral neuropathy compared to thalidomide and bortezomib, making it a reasonable treatment option for POEMS syndrome.