Magmatic, hydrothermal and subsolidus evolution of the agpaitic nepheline syenites of the Sushina Hill Complex, India: implications for the metamorphism of peralkaline syenites

The Proterozoic Sushina Hill Complex is the only agpaitic complex, reported from India and is characterized by a eudialyte-rinkite-bearing nepheline syenite. The complex is considered a ‘metamorphosed agpaitic complex’. This study describes the mineral assemblages formed during successive stages of evolution from magmatic to hydrothermal stages and low-temperature subsolidus re-equilibration assemblage. The primary–late magmatic assemblage is characterized by albite, orthoclase, unaltered nepheline, zoned diopside–hedenbergite, rinkite, late magmatic eudialyte and magnesioarfvedsonite formed at ∼700°C with maximum a SiO 2 of 0.60. In contrast, a deuteric assemblage (400–348°C) is represented by aegirine–jadeite-rich clinopyroxene, post-magmatic eudialyte, sodalite, analcime and the decomposition assemblages formed after eudialyte with decreasing a SiO 2  (0.52–0.48). A further low-temperature subsolidus assemblage (≤250°C) represented by late-forming natrolite could be either related to regressive stages of metamorphism or a continuum of the subsolidus processes. Considering the P / T range of the greenschist – lower-amphibolite facies of metamorphism it is evident that the incorporation of a jadeite component within pyroxene is related to a subsolidus process between ∼400°C and 348°C in a silica deficient environment. We emphasize that the deuteric fluid itself acted as an agent of metamorphism and the decomposition assemblage formed after eudialyte is retained even after metamorphism due to the convergence of subsolidus and metamorphic domains. The formation of jadeite-rich aegirine is not considered to result from metamorphism. Overall it is near-impossible to discern any bona fide metamorphic textures or mineral assemblages in these syenites which appear to preserve a relict mineralogy regardless of their occurrence in country rocks which have experienced greenschist – amphibolite facies metamorphism. The Sushina complex is very similar in this respect to the Norra Karr complex (Sweden).