Escala de riesgo de adicción-adolescente a las redes sociales e internet: fiabilidad y validez (ERA-RSI)

espanolEl objetivo de la investigacion fue desarrollar una Escala de Riesgo de Adiccion-adolescente a las Redes Sociales e Internet (ERA-RSI) y analizar sus propiedades psicometricas. Los participantes fueron 2417 adolescentes entre 12 y 17 anos (48% eran chicos) pertenecientes al Pais Vasco (Espana). La escala consta de 29 items que evaluan el riesgo de adiccion a internet integrando cuatro dimensiones: sintomas-adiccion, uso-social, rasgos frikis y nomofobia. Se analizo la estructura de la escala, su fiabilidad y validez. Los resultados confirmaron la consistencia interna de la escala (alfa de Cronbach = .90). Las correlaciones test-retest en los items de la escala total oscilaron entre r = .76 y r = .88, confirmando la estabilidad temporal de la prueba. Las mujeres presentaron puntuaciones superiores en sintomas-adiccion, uso-social, nomofobia y el total de la escala de adiccion respecto a los hombres. Los adolescentes entre 12-14 anos obtuvieron puntuaciones superiores en sintomas-adiccion, uso-social, nomofobia y en el total de la escala de adiccion. Mediante analisis factorial exploratorio se identificaron cuatro factores: sintomas-adiccion, uso-social, rasgos-frikis y nomofobia, que explican el 46.48% de la varianza. Se hallaron correlaciones positivas entre la adiccion a RSI con neuroticismo, extraversion, desinhibicion, narcisismo, ansiedad social y estilo de apego ansioso, asi como correlaciones negativas con autoestima y apego confiado. En conclusion, la ERA-RSI puede ser aplicada a adolescentes como una prueba de screening para detectar el riesgo de adiccion a las redes sociales e internet en las cuatro dimensiones estudiadas EnglishScale of risk of addiction to social networks and Internet for adolescents: reliability and validity (ERA-RSI). The present research aims to develop a Scale of Addiction-Adolescent Risk to Social Networks and Internet (ERA-RSI) and analyze their psychometric properties The participants were 2,417 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (48% were boys) belonging to the Basque Country (Spain). The scale consists of 29 items with four dimensions that assess the risk of Internet addiction: symptoms-addiction, social-use, traits-freaky, and nomophobia. The structure of the scale, its reliability and validity were analyzed. The internal consistency of the scale was confirmed (Cronbach’s alpha = .90). Test-retest correlations in the items of the total scale oscillated between r = .76 and r = .88 and confirmed the temporal stability of the test. Women have higher scores on symptoms-addiction, social-use, nomophobia and on the total of the addiction scale; Adolescents aged 12-14 years to obtain higher scores on symptoms-addiction, social-use, nomophobia and on the total of the addiction scale. Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors: Symptoms-addiction, social-use, traits-freaky and nomophobia, which explain the 46.48% of the variance. Positive correlations were found between RSI addiction with neuroticism, extraversion, disinhibition, narcissism, social anxiety and anxious attachment style, as well as negative correlations with self-esteem and confident attachment. In conclusion, it is advisable to apply ERA-RSI as a screening test for adolescents in order to detect the risk of addiction to social networks and internet in the four dimensions studied