Deep-frying oil induces cytotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis on intestinal epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND Deep-frying oil has been found to cause inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the molecular mechanism of the effect of deep-frying palm oil on IBD is still indetermination. RESULTS In this study, bioinformatics and cell biology were used to investigate the functions and signal pathway enrichments of differentially expressed genes. The bioinformatics analysis of three original microarray datasets (GSE73661, GSE75214, and GSE126124) in NCBI-Gene Expression Omnibus database showed 17 down-regulated genes (logFC  0) are existed in the enteritis tissue. Meanwhile, pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analysis suggested IBD is relevant to cytotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, Caco-2 cell was treated with the main oxidation products of deep-frying oil-total polar compounds (TPC) and its components (polymerized triglyceride, oxidized triglycerides and triglyceride degradation products) isolated from deep-frying oil. The flow cytometry experiment revealed that TPC and its components could induce apoptosis, especially for oxidized triglyceride. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that TPC and its component could induce Caco-2 cell apoptosis through AQP8/CXCL1/TNIP3/IL1. CONCLUSION This study provided fundamental knowledge in the understanding of the effects of deep-frying oils on the cytotoxic and inflammatory of Caco-2 cells, in turn assisting in clarifying the molecular function mechanism of deep-frying oil in IBD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.