Replication of Smart-City, Internet of Things Assets in a Municipal Deployment

Recent efforts to integrate Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into Smart City constructs have proven successful through proof-of-concept deployments in multiple cities. To facilitate additional deployments, standardization, and dissemination of best practices for these technologies is critical. To that effort, this paper seeks to establish a framework in a set of IoT hardware, software, and wireless radio components that are flexible to address several use cases and easily replicable to new deployments. Moreover, the framework aims to be standards-based and to use best practices for cybersecurity to maintain security and privacy. The framework is developed, deployed, and tested through three subprojects in different domains and a live testbed housed by a municipal government, collecting over 160 million distinct sensor records from eight physical locations over a period of eight months. Additionally, the framework is replicated to a separate jurisdiction to prove ease of replicability. This paper identifies common barriers to IoT adoption and replication, both technological and organizational, and enumerates the approaches that were taken to overcome those barriers in these projects.