335-W World-Record p-Type Monocrystalline Module With 20.6% Efficient PERC Solar Cells

The objective of this study is to optimize module technologies to obtain the lowest price per Watt peak ($/W p ) ratio and the maximum power output of a flat-plate module for a given number of high-efficiency solar cells. Using B-doped p-type monocrystalline Cz silicon wafers, 500 pieces of full square $ 156\;\text{mm} \times 156\;\text{mm}$ solar cells with a passivated emitter and rear local contacts (PERC) were fabricated with an average efficiency of 20.6% by in-house measurement. The module includes half-cells for low interconnection losses, as well as a novel light-trapping scheme including light capture ribbon connected to the cells and a structured light reflective film between cells combined with an optimized large cell gap. The module using 60 pieces of the 20.6% efficient PERC solar cells has achieved a new world record, with a peak power output of 335.2 ${\rm W_{p}}$ in September 2014, demonstrating a large cell-to-module factor, which is defined as $P_{{\rm mmp}}$ of module divided by the sum of cell $P_{{\rm mmp}}$ . The CTM factor of the champion module is greater than 1.11.