Impact of fine particle concentration in asthma control

Introduction: Fine particles matters (PM2.5) are the main component of indoor air pollution. Air pollution has been associated to poor asthma control. This study aims to compare the concentration of PM2.5 at home of patients with poor control asthma (PCA) versus good control asthma (GCA). Other objectives were to identify the domestic tasks or activities associated with the increase of PM2.5 concentration. Methodology: Observational study which analyzes the concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) measured by monitors located in the dining room and bedroom of asthmatic patients. Poor control asthma was defined by Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ)-5 more than 1.5 points. PM2.5 values minor than 20μg/m3 was defined as good air quality, between 21-80μg/m3 as moderate-high air pollution and higher than 80μg/m3 as unacceptably high levels of contamination. Demographic and clinical data, inflammation parameters and environmental contamination risk factors were collected in all patients. Results: A preliminary analysis of the first 15 patients included was performed (6 PCA and 9 GCA). PM2.5 peak values were 155 (63-226)μg/m3 at the dining room and 111 (72.5-262.5)μg/m3 at the bedroom in the GCA group. While in the PCA group, peak values were 130 (67.75-254.0)μg/m3 and 89 (56.5-138)μg/m3, respectively. No significant differences in demographic or clinical data were detected between groups. The use of spray lacquer and the proximity of an industrial factory or vehicle inspection service were the risk factors associated with the increase of indoor PM2.5. Conclusions: In the preliminary analysis, indoor higher levels of PM2.5 concentration were observed at home of asthma patients, irrespectively of disease control level measured by symptoms.