Nanostructure Control of a Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophene)Using an Oligopeptide Side Chain
2020
With the aim of probing the competitive
roles of π–π
stacking and hydrogen bonding in modulating the aggregation state
of conjugated polymers, a functionalized thiophene monomer containing
a clickable azide group was copolymerized with 2,5-dibromo-3-hexylthiophene
via Grignard metathesis (GRIM) to form either a block or a random
copolymer, which was then covalently linked via click chemistry to
a tetrapeptide (Gly-Val-Gly-Val) that is prone to forming β-sheets.
A series of polythiophene–peptide hybrids with similar backbone
lengths but different oligopeptide side-chain contents were obtained
by adjusting the ratio of the clickable monomer during the polymerization
process. The self-assembly behavior of the oligopeptide–polythiophene
hybrids was studied in detail. Very interestingly, it is found that
the self-assembly behavior strongly depends on the amount of the tetrapeptide
side chain in the hybrids, while the influence of the regioregularity
(random or block copolymer) is less profound. Specifically, both the
random and block copolymers with low oligopeptide contents (33 mol
% and lower) self-assemble into nanofibers. On the other hand, the
block and random copolymers with high oligopeptide contents (higher
than 40 mol %) and the homopolymer with a 100 mol % oligopeptide side
chain form spheres with a diameter of around 0.05–1.0 μm.
Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis demonstrates
that more β-sheets are formed in the copolymers containing fewer
oligopeptide side chains, more random coils are formed in the copolymers
with higher oligopeptide side-chain contents, and only random coils
are formed in the homopolymer. Ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy
analysis shows that only when the oligopeptide side-chain content
is low could a strong intermolecular π–π stacking
be observed; when the oligopeptide side-chain content increased, such
an intermolecular electronic communication disappeared. This study
offers new insights on how the complex roles of the hydrogen bonding
and π–π stacking control the self-assembly evolution
of polythiophenes decorated with oligopeptide side chains.
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