Endocrine disruptors and potential effects on communication in rodents and other species

Abstract The preceding chapters have revealed the complexity and complex neuroendocrine control of vocalization across animal species. The intricate hormonal regulation of vocalizations also renders this behavior susceptible to endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are mass produced and widely prevalent in the environment. Many of these can bind and activate estrogen receptors and other steroid and nonsteroid receptor pathways. Primary ones that will be considered in this chapter include bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls, and perfluoroalkyl substances. All these industrial chemicals are used as plasticizers and, thus, found in many common household items. They are widely pervasive with no evidence of diminution in their production. In this chapter, we will consider the evidence that such chemicals can disrupt vocalization patterns in rodent models, amphibians, and language-acquisition abilities in children. Potential mechanisms by which such compounds may cause such disruptions will also be explored. Lastly, we will consider open-ended questions and future directions in this area.