Linear chirp instability analysis for ultrafast pulse metrology

2020 
Pulse train instabilities have often given rise to confusion and misinterpretation in ultrafast pulse characterization measurements. Most prominently known as the coherent artifact, a partially mode-locked laser with a non-periodic waveform may still produce an autocorrelation that has often been misinterpreted as indication of a coherent pulse train. Some modern pulse characterization methods easily miss the presence of a coherent artifact, too. Here, we address the particularly difficult situation of a pulse train with chirp-only instability. This instability is shown to be virtually invisible to autocorrelation measurements, but can be detected with frequency-resolved optical gating, spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction, and dispersion scan. Our findings clearly show that great care is necessary to rule out a chirp instability in lasers with an unclear mode-locking mechanism and in compression experiments in the single-cycle regime. Among all dynamical pulse train instabilities analyzed so far, this instability appears to be the best-hidden incoherence and is most difficult to detect.
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